And up to 15% of all men presenting with infertility problems detected in 40% of varicocele (enlargement of testicular veins, varicose veins governance) the most frequent and most successful results of microsurgical operations as a result we receive is the infertility cause. Temperature increase and the veins in varicocele testis organ back into the flow of blood micro-circulation by affecting sperm production after the disarray; number, mobility, nature and effects of chromosomal structure as a result adversely affects the capacity to fertilize. Varicocele reveal why and how? Began to emerge in adolescent varicocele age and time and is a progressive vein disease. Genetic structure that is appropriate and sometimes pain and visual impairment in standing with much standing occurs also with other causes of infertility and the hand is determined by examination. Prevent and reverse the flow in the veins that make up the valve system of the vessel diameter expansion valve as a result of insufficient pressure at the exit of the veins of the testicles occurs. Increased pressure results in testicular tissue blood circulation sperm production is affected by corruption.

What are the symptoms of Varicocele?

Spread leg pain from egg varicocele and warm atmosphere in the bags can be significant differences with vascular structures such as curved, becoming only the tests for sterility during the examination with the hand can be determined. Varicocele which cause problems? Alone does not create a health problem varicocele. Sperm cells that cause infertility by affecting and sometimes cause pain should be treated with reason. Without pain, and infertility problems in people’s problems not created any treatment need not be done. How is placed on the diagnosis of varicocele? Can be seen in varying degrees in this regard varicocele diagnosed by an experienced specialist in Urology-Andrology be done in the right conditions must be diagnosed by a detailed examination. Doppler ultrasound can be detected only with the benefit of varicocele is not operated except in very special cases a sensitive examination for the diagnosis of varicocele any other examination (ultrasound, etc..) Should not want.

How to varicocele treatment should be done?

 To the person with the diagnosis of varicocele infertility problems should be proposed for the first microsurgical varicocele surgery, drug therapy as the first choice Varikosel determine or test tube baby methods of implementation is not true. Correctly diagnosed and treated by application of microsurgical techniques performed successfully in patients with varicocele statistical significance over 80% in spermiyogram parameter is provided and most of them showing improvement without any other treatment the child may have. Is an important part of the rest, such as vaccination Rahimic, tube baby easier and more economical application can benefit from one method to the next level is. Varicocele surgery previously done, but positive results have not developed a significant portion of those identified in the case if the expression in recurrent varicocele recurrence after varicocele surgery is not possible to be. Surgery performed with insufficient technical reasons in this case by applying microsurgical correction surgery can be positive results. tubebaby(micro-injection) before application to be operated with varicocele sperm cells fertilize the ability to reduce the effect of increasing the rate of fragmentation of chromosome elimination was found to increase pregnancy rates. Cause of infertility in men admitted with diagnosis of varicocele and Doppler ultrasound examination of the implementation result and sometimes even the wrong way, unfortunately with a commercial approach to much unnecessary surgery has been applied and has been put have been known. Microsurgical varicocele surgery in our country started in 1993 with effect from the more than 2,500 surgical operations Even though I have done wrong to me with the diagnosis of varicocele surgery for hundreds of people who applied for the operation need not be difficult to explain the difficulties I had. Sensitive special operations realized with using microsurgical methods are applied instead of other techniques or microsurgical techniques result of the failed implementation of varicocele patients who underwent surgery varicocele disappeared in 40% of projects. In a portion of the patients as a result of the lymph channels connecting the hydrocele, or even to connect a result of the arteries, such as atrophy of the egg and very serious complications that may not be within the correction possibilities can happen. For money on the 80% of the varicocele surgery unnecessary and unsuccessful applications may be reduced as a result of this rate until 20%. Therefore the proposed operation to a simple matter of people not receiving a detailed examination by experts and are suitable to be consulted.

 And scientific facts known about the wrong varicocele:

 1. The most common and successful treatment of varicocele detected with the most positive results are from male infertility is the reason. Diagnosis of varicocele with Doppler ultrasound, but must be done with hand inspection. Doppler ultrasound with a large number of people being incorrectly diagnosed as a varicocele and unnecessary surgeries are performed. Examination should not be operated manually undetectable varicocele; not benefit.

 2. Primarily to men with varicocele tube baby, ICSI, assisted reproductive techniques like vaccination should not be applied. By disturbing the structure of the chromosomal sperm varicocele (DNA fragmentation) to reduce the power of egg fertilization, insemination performed even lower rate boosts. Also seen as a last resort only to be test-tube baby, congenital anomalies and diseases in infants up to approximately 30% increased risk, and mothers should be noted that in terms of risk.

3. The most successful techniques and complications of varicocele surgery in the lowest probability is microsurgical methods. Up 99% on the technical success of microsurgical varicocele operation is an important complication rate to 0%, 3% minor complication rate is nearly 5. 40% risk of hydrocele in other surgical methods, arterial injury is up 5%.

 4. Recurrences after successful surgery in varicocele that is not possible to repeat the operation but has been insufficient and in these cases surgical correction surgery can be applied. Microsurgical operations outside because of inadequate surgical technique in the methods applied rate is up to 40%.

5. Surgical intervention is not a simple microsurgical varicocele surgery, specializes in microsurgery, are successful in experienced hands, every technique to serious complications such as erroneous and inadequate practices, can lead to organ loss. Failed because of complications after surgery varicocele have problems, many patients spermiyogramları are further deteriorate.

In this paper, an important health problem for men of advanced age, the prostate cancer has been tried to give information about the illuminant. However, as with any disease in these diseases by specialist doctors about diagnosis and treatment, according to data of the scientific research should be planned and implemented. We give an overview of the findings related to early warning and in particular we hope will be useful.

How prostate is an organ, are the functions?

What is prostate cancer?

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Early diagnosis possible?

How are laid diagnosis?

Stages of the disease

What are the treatment modalities?

What are the treatment options according to the stage?

IMPORTANT WARNINGS

How prostate is an organ, are the functions?

The prostate gland is one of the male genital organ sac just below the bladder, rectum (last part of intestinal tract) is located in the front. Carrying out of the bladder urine channel (urethra) passes through the middle of the prostate gland. And assistant men’s bodies and secreted from the testicles of sperm in the fluid (semen) discharge of urine passing through the channel to the channel of the prostate (üretraya) opens. Cells that make up the prostate secretion, which contains sperm creates a portion of semen. PSA is a protein called prostate cells as they secrete this protein is excreted together with sperm. Blood normal value <4ng/ml ‘dir. Prostate diseases belong to the canal system in prostate PSA’nın keeps cellular systems by disturbing the blood levels of these substances can cause the increase. This article is also an increase in prostate cancer.

Males can grow prostate gland and surrounding age has increased, the urethra, which can block the urinary sac outlets. This situation manifests itself with difficulty in urinating. This disease is called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although this is in fact cancer, prostate cancer can cause the same complaints show that must be cancer.

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer prostate cells forming an uncontrolled way, in case replication is not required. The most common cancer in men in the world of men türüdür.Yaşlı is a disease.

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

The strongest risk factors is to be advanced age and black race. Age increases, risk increases. Family, especially those first-degree relatives with prostate cancer is prostate cancer rates than are non. Hereditary prostate cancer is extremely rare in the real sense and is often seen in men under 55 years of age. Some studies of dietary fat increases the risk of prostate cancer suggests that they have not yet fully de unproven.

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

The early stages of prostate cancer symptoms may not be. When any of the following number of complaints it is necessary to always consult a doctor.

* Frequently urination (especially at night)

* Urinate strain

* Thin and intermittent urination

* Pain or pain when urinating hearing

* See blood in urine

* Back, hip and back pain

Early diagnosis possible?

Every man to 50 years, starting from a doctor every year from the rectum (the rectum) should do the finger and blood examination should look at the PSA. In this way, yet did not give symptoms, the patient does not cause complaints in the early stages of prostate cancer can be caught. If a suspicious findings found in doctors ‘offices or PSA value 4ng/ml’ If further tests will be asked over

How are laid diagnosis?

Patients admitted with complaints of the above-mentioned doctor wearing gloves with fingers from the rectum is examined. This is called a digital rectal examination. This examination, immediately in front of the rectum with the doctor feeling the prostate gland about the size and consistency becomes the owner. In addition, the ultrasound examination through the rectum (transrectal ultrasound) and also an idea about the prostate can be obtained. If your doctor wants his examination and tests (PSA and transrectal ultrasonography in the blood), if found suspicious, taking part with a needle from the prostate (biopsy) may request to be examined under a microscope. This process is called fine needle aspiration biopsy. Does not require anesthesia. Side effects of this process as one in every 200 patients with 1 biopsy after prostate infection may develop. Blood in the urine on the toilet and large continue to be seen 2-3 days after the operation. In the first 2-3 weeks after the operation sperm may be bloody. If the biopsy is negative income patients from 6 to 12 months in this examination and PSA test are monitored.

If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer at biopsy, a urologist or medical oncologist taking into consideration many factors will determine the treatment plan. This may also help in planning onkologlarının radiation. Treatment planning, consider how much the most important elements of the disease is advanced stage and that is the patient’s general condition.

Stages of the disease

After diagnosing the disease in the body, spread to other places outside the prostate to see if additional tests are scheduled. Thus, stage of disease would be determined. Doctors this purpose, a chest X-ray, bone scan and blood tests may require.

The development of cancer outside the body is called metastasis, and to spread to other regions. Prostate cancer sac neighborhood via semen (seminal vesicle), lymph circulation and lymph glands and blood circulation and can spread to the bone. Most of the backbone and rib bones of the head, but the costs may jump. More rarely in the liver and can spread to the lungs.

Stage 1 disease, and cancer patients examined in the complaint does not identify. After the surgery for other reasons usually diagnosed incidentally placed. Prostate cancer cells did not go off.

Stage 2 disease, the diagnosis is usually either in the blood PSA level is elevated in the prostate or rectum during the examination, found to be greater because the fine needle aspiration biopsy is placed. Disease outside the prostate gland has not.

Stage 3 disease, prostate cancer cells outside the capsule surrounding the nearby tissues and spread of the prostate.

Stage 4 disease outside the prostate cancer cells to lymph nodes or bone, has spread to organs such as liver and lung.

Recurrent disease: after the treatment (or prostate or other organs in one again) is the disease coming back.

PSA CURRENT APPROACH

Routine annual PSA in control ’s rise and limit the meaning to be on the border below the previous year, according to a comparison control olupta annual growth rates is also important and when it needs to be assessed on. Annual 0.75 ng / ml in the above increase is significant. Bilininen specific experience, there are specific PSA values, which between 40-50 years, 50-60 years of age should be a PSA value, and if these values are üzerindeysede risk is increasing, in this case should not be ignored.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

In prostate cancer, rectal examination and blood PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) called the most important diagnostic tools to measure the level of matter are. Early diagnosis of prostate cancer usually after the age of 45 healthy men each year with periodic examinations and PSA evaluation is recommended. But today 10 percent of prostate cancer has been shown in the inherited risk is the importance of these controls is increasing and the age of 40 after DAHADA evaluation should be performed.

Examination of the prostate to grow and not grow outside of the prostate to issue Do you have any hardness is defined. Rectal examination, but have reached a certain size audience can identify. Therefore, the measurement of PSA levels is important for early diagnosis. In recent years, we call this enzyme PSA for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, we use a marker.

What is PSA?

       PSA test in the diagnosis of prostate cancer with the Research Market Research has opened a new era. This test does not give a very early stage of cancer, yet even in the findings can be defined.

      Only in men with PSA found in prostate epithelial cells, in the structure of liquid semen is a substance in the glycoprotein structure. These molecules normally very low levels in the blood of all adult men are.

Normal value, 4 ng / ml is below. PSA 4-10 ng / ml about 30% of prostate cancer among those who are being identified, 10 ng / ml, the rate on a 50% pass. 5-10% of prostate cancer in the PSA and therefore may not increase rectal examination and PSA play a complementary role in diagnosis.

We live by bilininen specific, there are specific PSA values, ie between 40-50 years, 50-60 years of age are required to have values. If the PSA is above these values at risk increase. PSA is a problem with the prostate, but blood is mixed in more money, is notable rise in blood PSA levels. PSA elevation is not the only cause of prostate cancer. Non-cancer cases so benign prostate growth and prostate infections, urinary tract catheter application (insert in probe) also raises PSA’yı levels but these small and transient increase. If you do not have such a reason and PSA ’s living in consecutively evaluated according to the measurements, we doubt if we go higher is strengthened. A rectal examination in the hardness of the prostate found, this suspicion is gaining more strength and then you are no longer necessary to implement the prostate biopsy.

Routine annual PSA in control ’s rise and limit the meaning to be on the border below the previous year, according to a comparison control olupta annual growth rates is also important and when it needs to be assessed on. Annual 0.75 ng / ml in the above increase is significant. Bilininen specific experience, there are specific PSA values, which between 40-50 years, 50-60 years of age should be a PSA value, and if these values are üzerindeysede risk is increasing, in this case should not be ignored.

      Prostate biopsy (sampling of the prostate), transrectal ultrasound of the prostate accompanied by first examining and identifying suspicious areas with the region after a match with a special needle from the appropriate number of prostate tissue samples and by pathology assessment is done with .. Biopsy has been applied, the tumor, but PSA is not defined ’sI high with regards to the patients that frequently come across this really is a state, the second time and again to take a biopsy negative for cancer is out, sometimes the third, fourth, the implementation of biopsy and diagnosis are compared with the case.

Pathology diagnosed with cancer in check, the degree of cancer progression with Gleason Score are phases. This assessment of the disease course, treatment, and will inform us about how it was spread. 10 is the highest stage of the disease indicates that bad. PSA level can provide insight about the stage of disease in height. Usually 6 and higher Gleason scoru and 20-30 ng / ml PSA level of prostate cancer has spread dışınada shows.

Growth and risk of prostate cancer

         Benign growth of the prostate (BPH: Benign prostatic hyperplasia), especially 30 years starting 45 years such a process, but symptoms begin to emerge. Especially with the age progression, despite the lack of increase in hormone Erkekli of androgen receptor in prostate tissue increased sensitivity to androgens and some growth factors to the participation of the event still benign growths can occur.